Tattoos and Lymphoma

Experts conclude that enlarged lymph nodes may be caused by a reaction to tattoo ink. Doctors are now being urged to ask about tattoos when patients are suffering from lymphoma and/or enlarged lymph nodes..

Doctors have known for some time that tattoo ink travels to the lymph nodes – which are used by the body to clear out toxins in the body – because the nodes can change to the same color of the ink. But the new study shows the effect can still happen more than a decade after a person gets a tattoo.

Around one third of young adults now have a tattoo but recent research by the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) found that toxic nanoparticles of titanium dioxide found in tattoo ink can travel through the body and become lodged in the lymph nodes where they can cause problems.

“When someone wants to get a tattoo, they are often very careful in choosing a parlor where they use sterile needles that haven´t been used previously. “No one checks the chemical composition of the colors, but our study shows that maybe they should”, said Hiram Castillo, one of the authors of the study and scientist at the ESRF.

There are few studies which have looked at the toxic impact of tattoo ink, which can contain preservatives and contaminants like nickel, chromium, manganese or cobalt. “We already knew that pigments from tattoos would travel to the lymph nodes because of visual evidence: the lymph nodes become tinted with the colour of the tattoo,” said Bernhard Hesse, one of the two first authors of the study and ESRF visiting scientist.

“It is the response of the body to clean the site of entrance of the tattoo. What we didn’t know is that they do it in a nano form, which implies that they may not have the same behavior as the particles at a micro level. And that is the problem: we don’t know how nanoparticles react.”

The new case study was published in the Journal Annals of Internal Medicine.